Frequent Symptoms of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Essay

In America, approximately 3.3 million people are diagnosed with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, commonly known as OCD - one in every 50 adults and one in every 200 adolecence. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is an anxiety disorder that causes people to have unwanted obsessions with things and recurring compulsions or rituals. Many times, the obsessions or compulsions have to do with cleanliness or germs. An example of this would be a person who is obsessive with washing their hands repeatedly. (website 1, paragraph 1) Every person who has this disorder has different compulsions and rituals, but it is found that a lot of cases are similar in more ways than they differ. Although this disorder may not sound serious, it can severly life altering†¦show more content†¦As for excessive hand washing, they person may be highly afraid of germs. Their mind drives them to wash and clean their hands over and over again, to the point where it interrupts their daily life. The reasoning behin d these behaviors is to reduce the stress that these fears bring (website 1, page 2). Finally, an important symptom that comes with this disorder is if at least an hour of each day is spent doing rituals. Whether it is the act of constant checking on things, such as locking and unlocking doors, or rearranging things in orders such as by size or height – if doing these things is becomes such an issue that hours are spent, there is more than likely a problem. Almost all people have minor Obsessive Compulsive tendencies; it is normally not serious enough to be formally diagnosed with the disorder. An example would be color coding your closet, many people do this simply because it is an easy way of being organized. But, the difference between two would one, be color coding your closet, two, not only having the clothes color coded but in order by size, type, texture, etc. One of the biggest downfalls to this disorder, which may go unnoticed to many people, is how greatly this chan ges the lives of not only the ones suffering from it, but their families as well. As previously mentioned, not being able to fight the urge to act on theseShow MoreRelatedObsessive Compulsion Disorder1045 Words   |  4 PagesObsessive compulsion disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder described by irrational thoughts and fears (obsessions) that lead you to do repetitive tasks (compulsions) (Obsessive Compulsion Disorder, 2013). When a person has obsessive-compulsive disorder, they may realize that their obsessions arent accurate, and they may try to overlook them but that only increases their suffering and worry. Eventually, you feel driven to perform compulsive acts to ease your stressful feelings. Obsessive-compulsiveRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder ( Ocd )1726 Words   |  7 PagesObsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) was once considered a rare disease, but today, it is one of the most prevalent psychological disorders present among society. OCD is described as â€Å"intrus ive thoughts or images (obsessions), which increase anxiety, and by repetitive or ritualistic actions (compulsions), which decrease anxiety† (Stein, 2002). In the DSM-IV, Obsessive compulsive disorder can be diagnosed through observable behaviours or repetitive mental habits. Symptoms include; the constant washingRead MoreEssay about Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Assessment1418 Words   |  6 PagesAs a result of these frequent thoughts of danger, Bill calls home every hour to check on his family. These thoughts and behaviors have been present for years. Bill concerns have since escalated after his wife had an automobile accident. His constant telephoning home has led to the loss of one of his jobs. His wife has threatened to leave him and has pushed for him to seek help from a psychiatric facility. On Axis I of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Bill can be diagnosedRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder ( Ocd ) Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesObsessive-Compulsive Disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a condition, which is characterized by obsessive thoughts (ideas) and sometimes compulsive actions. They almost always cause the patient feel anxious. Quite often patients try to resist these thoughts or actions, but to no avail. However, patients recognize that they are their own thoughts, even if these thoughts are involuntary and often revolting. Compulsive acts or rituals are stereotyped recurrent behaviors. These actions areRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder ( Ocd )939 Words   |  4 Pagesthings repetitively, or have particular thoughts or perform routines and rituals numerous times have obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The frequent thoughts that cause the anxiety in those are obsessions and the overwhelming urge to repeat the behaviors to alleviate their anxiety are compulsions. People who suffer with OCD have no control over their obsessions and compulsions, and this disorder often times ends up controlling the person; which aff ects their daily life. For instance, a common scenarioRead MoreReasons For Tobacco Companies Success1160 Words   |  5 Pageswait for all dangerous moments. Anxiety can persist in situations where there is no need to be anxious over. Although cigarettes may have the symptoms of reducing anxiety levels, cigarettes end up causing more harm than good and should not be advised as a coping method to get over anxiety. There is a gap in difference between general anxiety and anxiety disorder that most would not classify as two different types. Anxiety is fairly common during bigger events and stressful or possible harmful situationsRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay800 Words   |  4 Pages Obsessive Compulsive Disorder And Its Effect On Life Obsessive-compulsive disorder, or OCD, involves anxious thoughts or rituals one feels and cant control. . For many years, OCD was thought to be rare. The actual number of people with OCD was hidden, because people would hide their problem to avoid embarrassment. Some recent studies show that as many as 3 million Americans ages 18 to 54 may have OCD at any one time. This is about 2.3% of the people in this age group. It strikes men and women inRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder ( Ocd )1165 Words   |  5 PagesObsessive compulsive disorder, abbreviated as OCD, is defined by irrational thoughts and fears (obsessions) that lead you to do repetitive behaviors (compulsions). It is possible to have only obsessions or only compulsions and still have OCD. Obsessions are thoughts that intrude repeatedly into awareness and are experienced as irrational, unwanted, and difficult to control or stop. Common obsessive thoughts can include: fear of being contaminated by germs or dirt, fear of c ausing harm to yourselfRead More Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Essay1633 Words   |  7 Pageswhen they do, they dont last very long. However, the United States Health and Human Services Department (1998) estimates there is about 3.2 million Americans that suffer from a psychological anxiety disorder called obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Those who suffer from this condition have frequent upsetting and unreasonable thoughts, worries, or fears. The Harvard Mental Health Letter (1998) notes that: â€Å"The most common obsessional theme is cleanliness (dirt and germs), followed by aggressionRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Anxiety Disorders1262 Words   |  6 Pagescontact? Many people experience these symptoms of anxiety. There are many different types of anxiety disorders. Catching early signs of complications can lead to better treatment and acknowledgment. Gaining knowledge about anxiety and some of the different types of Anxiety Disorders, like Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder can be beneficial to understanding the signs and symptoms a love one can have. It is important to know signs and symptoms because it is not worth risking

3. the Future of Religion and Politics in the Developing World Free Essays

3. The Future of Religion and Politics in the Developing World Religion and Politics are an influential aspect of daily life and continue to affect people today in what they believe in religion and politics. Currently in the news, there is a war regarding religion and beliefs that were made into a movie and portrayed as untrue beliefs from that culture. We will write a custom essay sample on 3. the Future of Religion and Politics in the Developing World or any similar topic only for you Order Now The politics behind what is brought forth in a story written and then put on a screen has created a religious and political war. Although what was written and produced was viewed as freedom of speech, it has ultimately outraged the believers regarding their religious beliefs. Religion is a belief in someone or something that allows a person to have prayer and beliefs in their culture for the better of their life as they see it. Religion is very much alive as part of politics (Handleman, 2011, p 58). Politics are what affects not only individuals but also countries that should abide by the laws of what are established in order to obtain peace, structure, and control with the people. When religion and politics are put together, they are essentially within the same, beliefs, structure, searching for peace, and allowing a greater being or source to be in control. Religions There are many different types of religions and cultures all over the world. There are many different types of Gods that people have faith in and perform prayer to daily. For centuries, certain religions have stayed within the same beliefs; there are new religions throughout the world that have also not thrived, as well. The church, the laws of the church, and Christianity will continue to be alive and growth on earth every day. People should be allowed to believe in whatever God they choose, but in different countries and with their cultures, people can be brought up to believe only in what they are taught. Catholic Religious Beliefs. There are many religions of the world, and one of the leading religions is Catholicism. The only significant religion, Catholicism, have penetrated extensively into both industrialized democracies and the developing world, is preeminent in Philippines and Latin America and also is the faith of significant portions of the population in a number of sub-Saharan African countries (Handelman, 2011, p. 60). In Africa, there are more Catholic believers and over half of the populations of all adults are baptized. Inexorably, pastoral and intellectual energy in the church will follow population, and this means that African leaders are destined to play an increasingly prominent role in the global church (Allen, 2006). The world is developing in many areas and having the Catholic belief is becoming stronger than ever. Islamic Religious Beliefs. The Islamic culture is considered not a sacred religion, but one that is of harm and malice. If one would study the Islamic religion, it is not a new religion but one from a path of monotheism. The monotheism too was developed into Judaism and Christianity. The ignorance about Islam and perceived targeting of Muslims in general by the U. S. -led â€Å"war on terrorism† have exacerbated a dangerous and growing divide between Muslims and non-Muslims in the contemporary world (Fisher, 2011, p. 381). The Islamic religious beliefs are straightforward to have acceptance, commitment, peace, and purity. They believe in allowing their God for guidance. Politics The balance of politics and what the government has decided for the future is becoming increasingly complex. Politics have become more fundamental in the Third World countries in order to help with the growth and expansion of countries. In order for politics to produce appreciable works, democracy would need to function correctly by the people. Religious beliefs may change over time, but politics are most likely to stay the same. The relationship between politics and religion are to be tolerant and accept changes that occur over time. Politics and Independence. The many cultures in Third World countries seek independence and continue to seek justice from their government and leaders. A threat to the economic well-being is the vast income inequality within developed nations, within many developing nations, and between the developed and developing worlds (Rubin, 2000, p. 421). Each country seeks independence in trade for economic and social changes in order to obtain financial growth. Third World Politics. The principles in other nations seem quite different than what is in the United States. In Third World countries, young children are able to work at an early age in support to be providers in the family. In the United States, there are laws where children cannot work up until a certain age and need to be in a school system. Equal justice to help children with education and development in order to enhance social mobility throughout Third World countries would be beneficial to all. There are many challenges in Third World countries to obtain proper health benefits, and without assistance, it will often leads to deaths. In conclusion, the world of religion and politics are both needed and desired by many for order and to have something or someone that is of a higher being to respect. Religion and politics will forever be linked throughout the world. Many cultures will continue to either stay within their beliefs of religion or allow changes outside ones control. Politics will continue to be the focus on what the worldviews as structure for each country to abide by their laws set forth by the governments. Although both religion and politics can evolve in war and corruption, there will always be a higher being to seek answers and follow until the end of time. War has evolved from words that are harsh and untrue, but prayer has allowed answers to many questions in which have resolved with effective change. References Allen, John (2006, March 10). African and Catholicism. National Catholic Reporter, (19), 11, Retrieved from http://elibrary. bighchalk. com Fisher, M. P. (2011). Living Religions (8th ed. ). (2011 Custom Edition) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Handelman, H. (2011). The Challenge of Third World Development (6th ed. ). (2011 Custom Edition) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Rubin, E. Robert. â€Å"The global economy. † Vital Speeches of the Day. 01 May. 2000: 421 How to cite 3. the Future of Religion and Politics in the Developing World, Essay examples

No reader of The woman in black Essay Example For Students

No reader of The woman in black Essay The Woman in Black is written from a first person perspective, allowing the audience to discover things as the character does which also creates great suspense and emphasizes the mystery of the ghostly narrative. This writing method also allows the reader to vastly imagine what the character is feeling; it is conventional that they would be feeling overwrought emotions, I think this is because making the emotions the characters feeling far more exaggerated it is easier for the reader to visualize, and it creates greater suspense. Many other conventional elements of the Gothic are used in the novel, a major one being mysterious and suspenseful atmospheres, which are usually formed using pathetic fallacy; in this novel the use of wind is greater than any other element of weather, During the night the wind rose. A tremendous blast of wind hit the house. I think the use of wind symbolises The Woman in Black, because whenever her presence is near or shes about to expose herself the wind increases, but when she disappears it seems to stop, the wind had died down. Susan Hill has also reworked this Gothic element in the novel as there are some circumstances that would seem conventional to include pathetic fallacy but do not, such as the first sighting of The Woman in Black at the funeral of Mrs Drablow, I saw a blackbird on the holly bush a few feet away and heard him open his mouth to pour out a sparkling fountain of song in the November sunlight. This is also shown when he discovers the mysterious gravestone the fine clear weather still held, there was sunshine and blue sky again. Hill also reworked the Gothic element of having a woman in distress usually being threatened by a tyrannical male; instead we read about a man in distress, threatened by an oppressive woman. She is portrayed as the more dominant and powerful force because of the effect she has on him for a moment I was as near to weeping tears of despair and fear, frustration and tension. She has emasculated him, fear has taken over him and the influence of The Woman in Black has greatly effected his emotions, the sense of oppressive hatred and malevolence, of someones evil and also of terrible grief and distress seemed to invade my own soul and take charge of me, these were what I could no longer bear. Throughout the novel there is a liet motif of the pony and trap, although they are mostly perceived as an escape route for Arthur from Eel Marsh House, for example, his two rescues from Keckwick and Samuel Daily. It is also symbolic of a repressed memory the marshes have chosen to replay night after night. Arthur is so haunted by the sounds of clopping hooves and screams from a young child he describes the sight of the woman in black then those sounds which had caused my fears to mount to such a height that I had lost control of myself and my senses and fallen unconscious. Susan Hills description of The Woman in Black is vividly described, her vast use of adjectives in this passage allows us to picture this extremely sick-looking woman intensely. Suffering terrible wasting disease extremely pale thinnest layer of flesh was tautly stretched and strained across her bones eyes seemed sunken back into her head. The language Hill has used here is very conventionally Gothic, and is typical language to find in a ghost story. It is clear that there are elements of the supernatural, mystery and metonymy and how the narrator is feeling overwrought emotions such as the sensation of Gothic horror. Some conventions have been reworked, the use of pathetic fallacy and the gender of the tyrannical character, but I think this adds greater interest and suspense because it may shock several readers as it is unexpected. .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f , .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f .postImageUrl , .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f , .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f:hover , .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f:visited , .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f:active { border:0!important; } .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f:active , .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua3f2443d0a0b594fdf8a547603aebe6f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cause Of The Culture Wars EssayThis however causes it to be more believable, especially in the period it was published, because it was thought that upper class men were too rational to have believed in supernatural and mysterious circumstances.

Poverty in the United States

The poverty threshold of the United States (U.S) indicates that an approximate of (13-17) percentage of the United States’ population fall below the poverty line. This translates to 39.1 million poor people. Those living in the rural areas are poorer compared to those in suburban areas.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Poverty in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It has been found that the poverty is a cyclic process varying with time. The level goes up and down regardless of age, region, or family size. It is ironical that as poor as the country is, it registers the highest number of immigrants per annum. Inadequate fundamental learning, a wide gap between the incomes of the o-level learners and the professionals, among others, are some of the cited causes of the poverty, but lack of employment is the root cause. According to Adams, the United States has failed to create enough jobs for it s people (2001). A large number of its population is unemployed. It is from a job where the Americans ought to obtain their income, which in turn develops the country starting from the family level. One can choose to create his/her own job or otherwise opt to be employed. In U.S, very few have their own jobs to absorb the jobless, and this affects much the American youth. The young people are much energetic and innovative and given the opportunity, they can develop and change the situation of a country. Since the reverse is the reverse is the case in U.S, unemployment remains the root cause of its poverty. If a country could manage to provide basic education to more than half its people, poverty could appear nowhere in the country. Bradley says that a large number of the children in United States lack the elemental knowledge (2003). There exist a positive correlation between education and employment, which in turn correlates with poverty. It appears like a culture in America where c hildren get the mandate to choose between leisure and education. Majority prefer the former to the latter. Any employer focuses much on the educational background of a willing employee before giving him/her the job. In the case of U.S, countless never qualify for the jobs even if the opportunity arises because of their poor learning backgrounds. This brings the reason as to why learned strangers are ever securing the few jobs leaving the American redundant. Once they secure them, they expand their own countries rather than U.S and hence its high poverty levels. Another problem associated with poverty in the U.S is the high government taxes. Majority of the employed people in U.S are foreigners and not citizens of the country. As it is the case for any employed person, he/she is liable of taxation by the government. The few employed U.S citizens suffer the high taxes though their salaries are equally high.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Hacker, they are unable to, not only develop their country, but also themselves (2006). The remaining category of employed non-citizens experiences a double taxation. They pay taxes for both U.S and their countries giving them not even a chance to uplift U.S, which is left poorer than before. In conclusion, it is often mistaken that adequate food and good heath facilities can eliminate poverty. This is not the case because in U.S, these are there but poverty still prevails. Efforts have been made to improve the academic facilities of the country but foreigners only enjoy these services and in turn secure the available jobs rendering the American unemployed. This unemployment makes the United States a poor country. Reference List Adams, J., Pearlie, S. (2001). Dealing With Diversity. Chicago, IL: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company. Bradley, D. (2003). Determinants of Relative Poverty in Advanced Capitalist Dem ocracies: American Sociological Review. 68(3), 22-51. Hacker, J. (2006). The Great Risk Shift: The New Insecurity and the Decline Of The  American Dream. New York: Oxford University Press. This essay on Poverty in the United States was written and submitted by user Arnim Zola to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Dali

of light that some day would savagely gleam around my glorious name!†(1994, p.61) It seems that Dali’s need to show off seems to have been a defense against a profound sense of personal inadequacy, which is also related to his relationship with his father. â€Å"While supremely confident of his artistic vocation and potential, he was crippled with sh... Free Essays on Dali Free Essays on Dali Dali was subject to environmental significant formative influences at an early age by his parents. They spoiled him to an extreme extent and it had a major effect on the shaping of his character. â€Å"His parents, perhaps blaming themselves to a certain extent for the death of their first child, were over-protective with the second and seem habitually to have given him his own way, encouraging a pattern that was to persist until his death.†(1994, p.53) Dali would throw tantrums until he got what he wanted. His parents would give in which encouraged him even more. This insolent behavior didn’t stop with his parents but was the same case with relatives and friends. â€Å"Christmas provided the perfect opportunity, too, for tantrums, and Anna Maria recalled that Salvador used to get so worked up on these visits that he never stopped crying and raging.†(1994, p.53) This constant attention, which Dali so desperately craved, was constant throughout his life. T his built the eccentric reputation he was so famed for which went along with his unmistakable mustache. Dali was keen on achieving fame and was pushed by his success in his small art shows to the unfortunate death of his mother, which Dali took very hard. â€Å" The death of Salvador’s mother in February 1921 from cancer was, he wrote in the Secret Life, ‘the greatest blow I had experienced in my life’. If we can believe this account, her loss made him ever more determined to achieve fame: ‘With my teeth clenched with weeping, I swore to myself that I would snatch my mother from death and destiny with the swords of light that some day would savagely gleam around my glorious name!†(1994, p.61) It seems that Dali’s need to show off seems to have been a defense against a profound sense of personal inadequacy, which is also related to his relationship with his father. â€Å"While supremely confident of his artistic vocation and potential, he was crippled with sh...

Understanding Difficult Biology Words

Understanding Difficult Biology Words One of the keys to being successful in biology is being able to understand the terminology. Difficult biology words and terms can be made easy to understand by becoming familiar with common prefixes and suffixes used in biology. These affixes, derived from Latin and Greek roots, form the basis for many difficult biology words. Biology Terms Below is a list of a few biology words and terms that many biology students find difficult to understand. By breaking these words down into discrete units, even the most complex terms can be understood. Autotroph This word can be separated as follows: Auto - troph.Auto - means self, troph - means nourish. Autotrophs are organisms capable of self-nourishment. Cytokinesis This word can be separated as follows: Cyto - kinesis.Cyto - means cell, kinesis - means movement. Cytokinesis refers to the movement of the cytoplasm that produces distinct daughter cells during cell division. Eukaryote This word can be separated as follows: Eu - karyo - te.Eu - means true, karyo - means nucleus. A eukaryote is an organism whose cells contain a true membrane-bound nucleus. Heterozygous This word can be separated as follows: Hetero - zyg - ous.Hetero - means different, zyg - means yolk or union, ous - means characterized by or full of. Heterozygous refers to a union characterized by the joining of two different alleles for a given trait. Hydrophilic This word can be separated as follows: Hydro - philic.Hydro - refers to water, philic - means love. Hydrophilic means water-loving. Oligosaccharide This word can be separated as follows: Oligo - saccharide.Oligo - means few or little, saccharide - means sugar. An oligosaccharide is a carbohydrate that contains a small number of component sugars. Osteoblast This word can be separated as follows: Osteo - blast.Osteo - means bone, blast - means bud or germ (early form of an organism). An osteoblast is a cell from which bone is derived. Tegmentum This word can be separated as follows: Teg - ment - um.Teg - means cover, ment - refers to mind or brain. The tegmentum is the bundle of fibers that cover the brain. Key Takeaways To be successful in the sciences, particularly in biology, one must understand the terminology.Common affixes (prefixes and suffixes) that are used in biology are often derived from Latin and Greek roots.These affixes form the basis for many difficult biology words.By breaking these difficult terms down into their formative units, even the most complex biological words can be easily understood. Additional Biology Terms For more practice with breaking down biology terms, review the words below. The main prefixes and suffixes used are angio-, -troph, and -trophy. Allotroph (allo - troph) Allotrophs are organisms that get their energy from food obtained from their environments. Angiostenosis (angio - stenosis) Refers to the narrowing of a vessel, particularly a blood vessel. Angiomyogenesis (angio - myo - genesis) A medical term referring to the regeneration of heart tissue. Angiostimulatory (angio - stimulatory) Refers to the growth and stimulation of blood vessels. Axonotrophy (axono - trophy) Is a condition where axons are destroyed due to disease. Biotroph (bio - troph) Biotrophs are parasites that do not kill their hosts. They establish a long-term infection to continue to get their energy from the living cells. Bradytroph (brady - troph) Bradytroph refers to an organism that experiences very slow growth without a particular substance. Cellulotrophy (cellulo - trophy) This term refers to the digestion of cellulose, an organic polymer. Chemotrophy (chemo - trophy) Chemotrophy refers to an organism making its energy by the oxidation of molecules. Electrotroph (electro - troph) These are organisms that can obtain their energy from an electric source. Necrotroph (necro - troph) Unlike the aforementioned biotrophs, necrotrophs are parasites that kill their host since they survive on the dead remains. Oligotroph (oligo - troph) Organisms that can live in places with very few nutrients are called oligotrophs. Oxalotrophy (oxalo - trophy) Refers to organisms that metabolize oxalates or oxalic acid. Biology Word Dissections For more information on how to understand difficult biology words or terms see: Biology Word Dissections - Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis. Yes, this is an actual word. What does it mean?

Correlation between the concepts of rights and law Essay

Correlation between the concepts of rights and law - Essay Example Human rights are literally the rights that one has simply because he or she is human. Donnely (1998, p. 3) posits to the effect that â€Å"human rights because they rest on nothing more than being human being, are universal, equal and inalienable. This means that everyone is entitled to human rights and is empowered by them regardless of creed or belief. Theoretically, Joel Feinberg: â€Å"To have a right is to have a claim to something and against someone, the recognition of which is called for by legal rules or, in the case of moral rights, by the principles of an enlightened conscience,† (1980 p. 159-160). Human beings should be treated as equal and their rights should not be violated by others. As going to be discussed in detail below, there are various institutions that are mainly concerned with protecting the rights of people in different countries. Different rights of people are also protected by the law in different countries and this is the reason why it can be said that there is a close relationship between the concepts of rights and law. In order to promote social cohesion, there is need to apply certain rules and regulations that are supposed to guide the conduct of human beings. On the other hand, the word law suggests the idea of rules which affect the lives and activities of people in different societies. Basically, it can be noted that law is shaped by various institutions but it can be noted that during the contemporary period, it mainly derives from the Constitution.

Majority decision in a democracy Research Paper

Majority decision in a democracy - Research Paper Example This paper looks at how decisions are reached in a democratic state and argues that a decision by the majority does not necessarily always yield optimal results. This is because the majority of people may not have access to crucial information for making informed decisions. This conundrum of how best to govern people has confounded sages for ages going back to the times of the ancient Greek philosophers. Various types of government styles were tried in order to find the ideal and perfect form of governance that will give the best results in terms of stability, peace and contentment for all citizens. Governance can be considered as a social experiment in which various governance structures are tried to see which works best. Governmental forms are part of the larger political systems of a country. Among the various forms that were quite common before (with some still existing today in hybrid forms) are monarchy, oligarchy, plutocracy, timocracy, autocracy, anarchy, democracy, socialism and republicanism, among many others. The most common form of political system prevailing in the world today is democracy. However, its being common does not necessarily confer it is a superior political system; all that can be said about democracy is that it is the best option until a better alternative can be found that best fits the objectives of a country when it comes to the issue of governance. The ideal form of government must achieve the triple purposes of peace, stability and contentment where issues and concerns of all citizens are adequately answered. This paper attempts to point out the defects and deficiencies of a democracy and also offers an exciting alternative form of rule which is the elitist type of rule. The word elitist often invites a derisive connotation but it actually offers a better prospective form of governance. Elitism is not bad per se as it envisions a rule by people best qualified to govern the rest of the people. It does not imply exclusivity as any one who qualifies to be a member can become one. Discussion Plato (427-347 B.C.) during his time had already seen the weaknesses of democracy. This was the reason why he advocated for a different form of government – that of the rule by the chosen few, the aristocracy. His version of aristocracy is not what we think of it today that is based on owning vast tracts of land or being fabulously wealthy; rather, an aristocrat is the person who had been educated in philosophy and therefore knows a lot about virtues and in the exercise thereof, will lead people into wealth and happiness. The classical definition of the word aristocracy, as far as Plato was concerned, is a rule by the best persons of a society. This idealistic state of government is rather very utopian in aspirations, though. Plato had given up on democracy as virtually chaotic as he had seen some of its effects on Athenian society in his time, such as some occasions of mob rule and how the electorate or the general populace put into office during an election people who were not well qualified. A fairly strong dislike of democracy led to his criticisms that it will eventually lead to tyranny. In a sense, he was right on this aspect, as democracy can be considered as a form of tyranny, that is, tyranny by the majority on the minority. Further, Plato had only seen the nascent forms of democracy during his time in which it would still naturally and expectedly be chaotic. He had not seen how modern democracy works today in which safeguards are in place. He had regarded democracy as a poor form of government, much inferior than monarchy itself. What Plato instead argued for strongly was aristocracy, in order to put the best people into government positions and let them make all the important policy decisions. He thought that aristocrats are the best people to govern because they

About Type 2 Diabetes Essay Example for Free

About Type 2 Diabetes Essay Around 2.6 million people in the UK have been diagnosed with diabetes. About nine in 10 of these people have type 2 diabetes. It usually affects people over the age of 40, but can develop at any age. People of African-Caribbean or South Asian origin are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. It usually affects them earlier in life, from about the age of 25. Type 2 diabetes is becoming more common, particularly in children. Type 2 diabetes develops when your body can’t produce enough insulin or if your body doesn’t respond to insulin as it should. Insulin regulates the level of glucose in your blood. Glucose is a simple form of sugar found in foods and sugary drinks. It’s absorbed by your body as a natural part of digestion and is carried around your body in your blood. When glucose reaches your body tissues, such as muscle cells, its absorbed and converted into energy. Insulin is secreted into your blood by your pancreas, which is a gland located behind your stomach. If your cells dont respond properly to insulin, it can cause glucose to build up in your blood. This is called insulin resistance. If this happens, your pancreas needs to produce more and more insulin to overcome the resistance and control your blood glucose levels. Types of diabetes There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. There are about two million people in the UK who have diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is the common form, affecting nine out of every 10 people with diabetes. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes Many people with type 2 diabetes have no obvious symptoms. Its often discovered during a routine medical check-up with your GP.If you do have symptoms of type 2 diabetes, you may: †¢pass more urine than usual See more: My Writing Process Essay †¢be constantly thirsty †¢have unexplained weight loss †¢be extremely tired †¢have blurred vision †¢have itchy skin around your genitals or get regular infections, such as thrush †¢notice that wounds such as cuts heal slowly If you have any of these symptoms, see your GP. nitially, some people find they don’t have any symptoms. So if you think you may be at risk of type 2 diabetes, speak to your GP about having a screening blood test.  Complications of type 2 diabetes If type 2 diabetes isn’t diagnosed or controlled properly, you can develop blood glucose levels that are either too high (hyperglycaemia) or too low (hypoglycaemia). Hyperglycaemia If type 2 diabetes is poorly controlled or you get an infection, glucose can build up in your blood and rise to high levels. This can cause you to: †¢be thirsty †¢pass urine excessively †¢have blurred vision †¢feel tired Very rarely, if you become dehydrated and your blood glucose rises to very high levels, you can develop a condition called hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state. This can cause you to become drowsy and potentially unconscious. Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state is a medical emergency and needs to be treated in hospital. In the long-term, uncontrolled high blood glucose levels can increase your risk of: †¢kidney failure †¢blindness †¢nerve damage †¢heart disease †¢stroke Hypoglycaemia Sometimes, if your medication is too strong or you miss a meal, your blood glucose levels can become too low (hypoglycaemia). This only happens if you’re taking certain medicines such as gliclazide (or others of the same type), repaglinide or insulin (of any type). If your blood glucose is low, you may go pale, feel sweaty and become confused. If you develop hypoglycaemia, it’s important to eat or drink something containing glucose, for example fruit juice or some sweets. Causes of type 2 diabetes There are several risk factors that make you more likely to develop type 2 diabetes, including if you: †¢are overweight or obese – in particular, if you’re an apple shape with lots of fat around your abdomen (tummy) †¢have a close family member with the condition †¢are of African-Caribbean or South-Asian origin †¢are over 40 – your risk increases with age †¢have high blood pressure or have had a heart attack or stroke †¢don’t exercise regularly †¢have severe mental health problems †¢are a woman and have polycystic ovary syndrome and are overweight †¢are a woman and have had diabetes that developed during pregnancy (gestational diabetes) If you have a condition such as impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glycaemia, this means the level of glucose in your blood is naturally higher than normal and you’re more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes Your GP will ask about your symptoms and examine you. He or she may also ask about your medical history. You may need to have some of the following tests. †¢Urine test. You will need to give a sample to be tested for glucose. †¢Fasting blood glucose test. You will have a sample of blood taken from your arm to test for glucose. You will need to fast overnight before having this test. You may have this with a glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) test. HbA1C is a protein that is produced when you have high blood glucose levels over a long period of time. †¢Glucose tolerance test. This may be needed if your fasting blood glucose test is borderline. It measures how your blood glucose level changes over time after you have a sugary drink. You will need to fast overnight before having this test. Treatment of type 2 diabetes There isnt a cure for type 2 diabetes but it can be controlled. Some people can control their condition with lifestyle changes alone. Others need to take medicines or use insulin injections. Self-help By making the following lifestyle changes, you can help control your blood glucose levels. †¢Eat a healthy balanced diet with regular meals, three times a day. Include carbohydrates, such as pasta or potatoes in each meal. †¢Aim to do 150 minutes of moderate exercise over a week in bouts of 10 minutes or more. This will help you to stay a healthy weight and control your blood glucose levels. †¢Only drink alcohol in moderation and stick within the recommended limits. †¢If you smoke, give up. Smoking is unhealthy for everyone, but its especially important to stop if you have diabetes because you already have an increased risk of developing circulatory problems and cardiovascular  disease. Oral medicines If lifestyle changes alone don’t keep your blood glucose levels under control, you may be prescribed medicines. Some examples are listed below. †¢Metformin works by reducing the amount of glucose that gets released into your bloodstream from your liver. It also improves the way glucose is used by your muscles. †¢Gliclazide, glipizide, glimepiride and tolbutamide help your pancreas to produce more insulin. †¢Repaglinide and nateglinide also help your pancreas to produce more insulin, but work more quickly and last for a shorter time. †¢Acarbose lowers your blood glucose by slowing down the rate at which some carbohydrates are absorbed by your body. †¢Pioglitazone reduces your bodys resistance to insulin. †¢Sitagliptin, saxagliptin and vildagliptin help your body to produce more insulin at mealtimes. These medicines are usually taken between one and three times a day. Injections You may be prescribed other medicines such as exenatide or liraglutide. These medicines are given by injection and work by helping your body to make more insulin when it’s needed. They can also reduce your appetite and help you lose weight. If lifestyle changes and medicines can’t keep your blood glucose levels under control, you may need to have insulin injections as well as, or instead of, tablets. You will usually inject yourself with insulin once or twice a day, using either a small needle or a pen-type syringe with replaceable cartridges. There are several different types of insulin that work at different rates and for different lengths of time. Ask your GP for advice on which type is best for you. If you have insulin injections, you will need to monitor your blood glucose levels with a home test kit. This involves taking a pinprick of blood from your finger and putting a drop on a testing strip. A meter will read the result automatically. Your GP or diabetes specialist nurse will show you how to monitor your blood glucose levels and tell you how often you need to check it. Monitoring your blood glucose level You may also need to have your levels of HbA1C tested at least twice a year. The test is done by taking blood from a vein in your arm or sometimes a drop of blood from a fingerprick. It’s used to see how well you’re controlling your blood sugar  levels.

The Art of Testing pH Levels Essay -- Science, informative, educational

This report will examine a variety of methods that can be used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, also known as its pH level. The scale used to measure acidity and alkalinity is called a pH scale, which measures the amount of H+ ions in a solution. Acids have a pH level below 7; bases have a pH level above 7. Strong acids have the lowest pH levels (0-4) and strong bases have the highest pH levels (10-14). Neutral solutions have a pH of 7 and they are neither acidic nor basic. Distilled water is neutral, because the H+ and OH- ions are balanced. An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions in water. When an acid dissolves in water, hydrogen molecules interact with water molecules to form hydronium ions. The strength of an acid is determined by the concentration of hydrogen atoms; the more hydrogen atoms in a solution, the stronger the acid; and, the less hydrogen atoms in a solution, the weaker the acid. Acids generally have a sour taste, react strongly with metals, and become less acidic when mixed with a base. A base is a substance that forms hydro...

Visual Shopper Stop

ualMedia Release Shoppers Stop recognised as ‘Most Respected Company in the Retail Sector’ By Business World Mumbai, February 9, 2011: The New Year has started off on a rewarding note for Shoppers Stop. India’s premier lifestyle and fashion destination was one among 20 Indian Companies honored by Business World as ‘Most Respected Companies’ across various sectors. Shoppers Stop was awarded the ‘Most Respected Company in the Retail Sector’ at the hands of the Honorable Finance Minister Mr. Pranab Mukherjee at the award ceremony held last evening in the Capital City.Business World’s ‘Most Respected Companies’ award is recognized as one of the most coveted awards in the country. Companies are measured not only on the basis of their balance sheets but also on the basis of innovativeness, depth and quality of top management, financial performances and returns and moreover, on qualities like ethics and transparency, quality of products and services, people practices/talent management and global competitiveness. About Shoppers Stop Shoppers Stop is a leader in the Indian Retail Sector and one of the pioneers in setting up large format department stores chain in India.Shopper’s Stop Ltd has a national presence, with over 2. 05 million square feet area across 34 stores in 15 cities viz. Mumbai (8 stores), Delhi (4 stores), Kolkata (3 stores), Bangalore (4 stores), Hyderabad (3 stores), Jaipur (2 stores), Pune (2 stores), Gurgaon, Chennai, Ghaziabad, Lucknow, Noida, Amritsar, Bhopal and Aurangabad. Shoppers Stop is the only Indian member of IGDS (Intercontinental Group of Departmental stores) along with 29 other experienced retailers from all over the world.Mr. B. S. Nagesh, Customer Care Associate & Vice Chairman, Shopper’s Stop Ltd, has been recognised as an iconic retailer and was inducted into the World Retail Hall of Fame 2008. Mr. Nagesh is the only Indian retailer to take a significant place alongside more than 100 stalwarts of the global retail industry, which includes veterans like Sam Walton of Wal-Mart, Giorgio Armani, Jack Cohen of Tesco, Simon Marks and Israel Sieff of Marks & Spencer; Ingvar Kamprad of Ikea, amongst others.CMAI felicitated the ‘Golden Scale Trophy’ to Mr. Nagesh in honour of this achievement. Mr. Govind Shrikhande, Customer Care Associate & Managing Director, Shopper’s Stop Ltd received prestigious honours of the ‘Retail Professional of the Year’ by CMAI in 2009 & ‘Most Admired Fashion Retail Professional’ at the Images Fashion Awards 2010. Images Retail Awards consecutively for two years (2008 & 2009) named Shoppers Stop the ‘Most Admired Retailer of the Year –CRM’.The Company has also been felicitated with ‘Retailer of the Year –Fashion & Lifestyle’ at the Asia Retail Congress in 2009. Shopper’s Stop Ltd also received the ‘Best Visual Merch andising’ Award at the VMRD Retail Design Awards 2009 and the ‘Prestigious Loyalty’ award for Customer & Brand loyalty in the ‘Retail Sector’ 2010 at the 3rd Loyalty Summit. Shopper’s Stop Ltd has been awarded by CMAI -The ‘Golden Scale Trophy’ as the ‘Brand of the Year’ for its STOP Ladies ethnic wear in 2008 & 2009, and the ‘Marketing Campaign of the Year’ in 2009.Images Fashion Awards held in 2009 recognised Shoppers Stop as ‘The Most Admired Fashion Retail Destination of the Year’ and in 2010 ‘Most Admired Large Format Retailer’ award by Gini & Jony and the ‘Most Admired Partner’ by Gili. Shoppers Stop has also introduced new formats in the market viz HomeStop – the exclusive home furnishings, decor as well as furniture store and HyperCity– a premium shopping destination for Foods, Homeware, Home Entertainment, HiTech Appliances, Furniture, Sports, Toys & Fashion. For further information contact – Perfect Relations Juhi Khanna @ 9820601226 Kirti Pachauri @ 9819898306

Personal Narrative on Morals

As I was walking down church avenue, all I could think about was my Iphoneless pocket. â€Å"Freaking black people,† I mumbled under my breath as to not let the crowds of black people around me hear, â€Å"you can never trust them. † The sight of them just burned my eyes. Them and their sagged pants that looked like they had 100 pound weights in their pockets, disgusting. As I walked on, the only thing that was roaming around my mind was a memory I was trying so hard to forget. It wasn't a full memory though just, bits and pieces. It was of a black kid.I don't remember any of his features, I didn't want to. â€Å"Hey can I make a call,† he said. I wasn't the type of person to judge anyone, I mean why should a person's skin be a factor in anyone's decision to do something. This teenager could have been the nicest person in the world. So I gave him my phone. The memory then cuts to me standing there gasping for air saying, â€Å" Nicest guy in the world my butt. à ¢â‚¬  That was all I remembered, but it was enough. Enough to drive my anger towards black people, which for me, meant my entire neighborhood.How could I have been such an IDIOT, I said in my head as I walked down the block. I should have seen this coming. I mean he was bla-, I was in mid-thought, when suddenly a black woman, who looked like she could lose a few pounds, bumped into me as she was going the direction opposite of me. â€Å"Watch where you're going,† she said. I could hear the anger and annoyance in her voice. My blood started to boil, my heart raced, I was ready to punch someone. I turned towards her â€Å"ARE YOU FREAKING KIDDING ME.Maybe you should lay off the fried chicken † is what I wished to say, but I held my breath. I just stared at her back as she walked away. As I treaded along Church avenue, I spared no black person who came within my line of sight of my racist comments. I didn't care if it was wrong. I mean did that black kid care if it was w rong to steal my phone. Obviously not, because then I wouldn't be walking home phone-less. Did that black lady even bother to care to, oh, I don't know move to the side or say excuse me. NO, she didn't.I mean why shouldn't I judge, I bet black people judge me all the time. I bet that kid who stole my phone had one or two judgments about me. Freaking black people, I said in my head. I finally reached the front of my apartment building. As I entered I noticed this small black kid coming out of the building. When he saw me, he stopped. I recognized him. I didn't know his name, but I knew a thing or two about him. I saw him everyday. Once when I left for school, and once when I came back. Each time I saw him he would say the most random of things about his life.Like how he was in the first grade, or how he thought this one kid named Devon was just the meanest person in the world for throwing a pencil at him. I didn't particularly care much for these facts. Most times he would say someth ing that he thought was funny. Although the things he said weren't funny at all, I went along and smiled anyway. As I looked as this kid, I could find no such fault. You could say he was, in a way, â€Å"stereotypically clean†. â€Å"You know, you look like a person from the wolf people,† he said with a straight face.I don't know if I smiled or not, I may have given a half smile, but I know I replied â€Å"You mean, from Twilight? † â€Å"Yea, from Twilight, the movie about vampires and werewolves. † â€Å"Heh, yea, except I don't have any abs,† I said. This time I knew I was smiling, and I could tell, as he started to smile as well. â€Å"Well, see ya,† he said and walked away. I turned around and watched as he walked down the block and around the corner. That's why Ervin, that's why you shouldn't judge, a voice in my head said. I turned around, walked up the steps to the front door of my building and said, â€Å"yea. †

German Language Spelling With a Double S or Eszett (ß)

German Language Spelling With a Double S or Eszett (ß) A unique feature of the German alphabet  is the ß  character. Found in no other language, part of the uniqueness of ß- aka eszett (s-z) or scharfes s (sharp s)- is that, unlike all other German letters, it exists only in the lower case. This exclusivity may help explain why many Germans and Austrians are so attached to the character. Since being introduced in 1996, spelling reform (Rechtschreibreform) has shaken the German-speaking world and caused raging controversy.  Even though the Swiss have managed to live peacefully without the ß in Swiss-German for decades, some German-speakers are up in arms over its possible demise. Swiss writers, books, and periodicals have long ignored the ß, using double-s (ss) instead. Thats why its all the more puzzling that the International Working Committee for [German] Spelling (Internationaler Arbeitskreis fà ¼r Orthographie) chose to keep this troublesome oddity in certain words while eliminating its use in others. Why not just toss out this troublemaker that non-Germans and German beginners often mistake for a capital B, and be done with it? If the Swiss can get by without it, why not the Austrians and Germans? Double S Reforms From Rechtschreibreform The rules for when to use the ß rather than ss have never been easy, but while the simplified spelling rules are less complex, they continue the confusion. German spelling reformers included a section called  sonderfall ss/ß (neuregelung), or special case ss/ß (new rules). This section says, For the sharp (voiceless) [s] after a long vowel or diphthong, one writes ß, as long as no other consonant follows in the word stem.  Alles klar? (Got that?) Thus, while the new rules reduce the use of the ß, they still leave intact the old bugaboo that means some German words are spelled with ß, and others with ss. (The Swiss are looking more reasonable by the minute, arent they?) The new and improved rules mean that the conjunction formerly known as  daß or that should now be spelled  dass  (short-vowel rule), while the adjective groß for big adheres to the long-vowel rule. Many words formerly spelled with ß are now written with ss, while others retain the sharp-s character (technically known as the sz ligature):  Straße for street, but  schuss  for shot.  Fleiß for diligence, but  fluss for river. The old mixing of different spellings for the same root word also remains  fließen for  flow, but  floss for flowed.  Ich weiß for I know, but  ich wusste for I knew. Though reformers were forced to make an exception for the oft-used preposition  aus, which otherwise would now have to be spelled  auß,  außen for outside, remains. Alles klar? Gewiss! (Everything clear? Certainly!) German Response While making things slightly easier for teachers and students of German, the new rules remain good news for the publishers of German dictionaries. They fall far short of true simplification, which many disappointed people had anticipated. Of course, the new rules cover much more than just the use of the ß, so its not difficult to see why  Rechtschreibreform  has sparked protests and even court cases in Germany. A June 1998 poll in Austria revealed that only about 10 percent of Austrians favored the orthographic reforms. A huge 70 percent rated the spelling changes as nicht gut. But despite the controversy, and even a Sept. 27, 1998 vote against the reforms in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein, the new spelling rules have been judged valid in recent court rulings. The new rules officially went into effect on Aug. 1, 1998, for all government agencies and schools. A transitional period allowed the old and new spellings to coexist until July 31, 2005. Since then only the new spelling rules are considered valid and correct, even though most German-speakers continue to spell German as they always have, and there are no regulations or laws that prevent them from doing so. Perhaps the new rules are a step in the right direction, without going far enough. Some feel that the current reform should have dropped ß completely (as in German-speaking Switzerland), eliminated the anachronistic  capitalization of nouns  (as English did hundreds of years ago), and further simplified German spelling and punctuation in many other ways. But those who protest against spelling reform (including authors who should know better) are misguided, trying to resist needed changes in the name of tradition. Many counterarguments are demonstrably false while placing emotion over reason. Still, though schools and government are still subject to the new rules, most German speakers are against the reforms. The revolt by the  Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung  in Aug. 2000, and later by other German newspapers, is yet another sign of the widespread unpopularity of the reforms. Time alone will tell how the spelling reform story ends.

Miranda v Arizona - Supreme Court Case

Miranda v Arizona - Supreme Court Case Miranda v. Arizona  was a significant Supreme Court case that ruled that a defendants statements to authorities are inadmissible in court unless the defendant has been informed of their right to have an attorney present during questioning and an understanding that anything they say will be held against them. In addition, for a statement to be admissible, the individual must understand their rights and waive them voluntarily. Fast Facts: Miranda v. Arizona Case Argued: Feb 28-March 2, 1966Decision Issued: Jun 13, 1966Petitioner: Ernesto Miranda, a suspect who was arrested and brought to the Phoenix, Ariz., police station for questioningRespondent: State of ArizonaKey Question: Does the Fifth Amendment’s protection against self-incrimination extend to the police interrogation of a suspect?Majority Decision: Justices Warren, Black, Douglas, Brennan, FortasDissenting: Justices Harlan, Stewart, White, ClarkRuling: The Supreme Court ruled that a defendants statements to authorities are inadmissible in court unless he has been informed of his right to have an attorney present during questioning and an understanding that anything he says will be held against him in a court of law. Facts of Miranda v. Arizona On March 2, 1963, Patricia McGee (not her real name) was kidnapped and raped while walking home after work in Phoenix, Arizona. She accused Ernesto Miranda of the crime after picking him out of a lineup. He was arrested and taken to an interrogation room where after three hours he signed a written confession to the crimes. The paper on which he wrote his confession stated that the information was given voluntarily and that he understood his rights. However, no specific rights were listed on the paper. Miranda was found guilty in an Arizona court based largely on the written confession. He was sentenced to 20 to 30 years for both crimes to be served concurrently. However, his attorney felt that his confession should not be admissible due to the fact that he was not warned of his right to have an attorney represent him or that his statement could be used against him. Therefore, he appealed the case for Miranda. The Arizona State Supreme Court did not agree that the confession had been coerced, and therefore upheld the conviction. From there, his attorneys, with the assistance of the American Civil Liberties Union, appealed to the US Supreme Court. Supreme Court Decision The Supreme Court actually decided four different cases that all had similar circumstances when they ruled on Miranda. Under Chief Justice Earl Warren, the court ended up siding with Miranda with a 5-4 vote. At first, the attorneys for Miranda attempted to argue that his rights had been violated as he had not been given an attorney during the confession, citing the Sixth Amendment. However, the Court focused on the rights guaranteed by the Fifth Amendment including that of protection against self-incrimination. The Majority Opinion written by Warren stated that without proper safeguards, the process of in-custody interrogation of persons suspected or accused of crime contains inherently compelling pressures which work to undermine the individual’s will to resist and to compel him to speak where he would otherwise do so freely. Miranda was not released from prison, however, because he had also been convicted of robbery which was not affected by the decision. He was retried for the crimes of rape and kidnapping without the written evidence and found guilty a second time. The Significance of Miranda v. Arizona The Supreme Court decision in Mapp v. Ohio was quite controversial. Opponents argued that advising criminals of their rights would hamper police investigations and cause more criminals to walk free. In fact, Congress passed a law in 1968 that provided the ability for courts to examine confessions on a case-by-case basis to decide whether they should be allowed. The main result of Miranda v. Arizona was the creation of the Miranda Rights. These were listed in the Majority Opinion written by Chief Justice Earl Warren: [A suspect] must be warned prior to any questioning that he has the right to remain silent, that anything he says can be used against him in a court of law, that he has the right to the presence of an attorney, and that if he cannot afford an attorney one will be appointed for him prior to any questioning if he so desires. Interesting Facts Ernesto Miranda was released from prison after serving only eight years of his sentence.Miranda was convicted a second time based on the testimony of his common-law wife to whom he confessed the crimes. He had told her that he would be willing to marry Patricia McGee if she would drop the charges against him.Miranda would later sell autographed cards bearing the Miranda Rights for $1.50 each.Miranda was killed of a knife would after a bar fight. The person who was arrested for his murder was read the Miranda Rights. Sources: Miranda v. Arizona. 384 U.S. 436 (1966). Gribben, Mark. Miranda vs Arizona: The Crime That Changed American Justice. Crime Library. trutv.com/library/crime/notorious_murders/not_guilty/miranda/1.html

Human Nature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Human Nature - Essay Example Primarily, I believe one of the biggest problems in the determination of any other part of human nature do lie in the fact that we are all born from the influences coming out from the outside. All humans are part of human nature and can be changed as they learn and grow with the world around them. Humans do have ethics of caring, and if human capacity to caring is not practiced an individual loses his or her ability to care. However, I see a similar situation since human ability to caring is not inherent, but rather humans learn how to care. I also find another issue with several past and historic ideas concerning human nature lying within the context of human nature and how philosophers have approached it. While my beliefs may be stuck in God, I cannot support the use of the supernatural being as the main reason behind a universal human nature. This is because there exist several inconsistencies in the beliefs of humans. In conclusion, human nature will continue being a topic of debate for many years as humans try to label and prove using science the existence of human